🌍Geography

Maps to: India's Physical Features and Geographical Location

• Location & latitudinal/longitudinal extent
• IST meridian 82°30'E
• States, UTs & capitals
• Neighbouring countries & borders
• Coastline & area rank

Maps to: India's Physical Features and Geographical Location

• Six divisions: Northern Mountains, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Desert, Coastal Plains, Islands

Maps to: Mountainous Region and Plateaus

• Origin of Himalayas
• Himadri / Himachal / Shivalik
• Trans-Himalayas (Karakoram, Ladakh, Zanskar)
• Regional divisions
• Peaks & passes

Maps to: Mountainous Region and Plateaus

• Central Highlands (Malwa, Bundelkhand, Baghelkhand, Vindhyas, Satpura)
• Deccan Plateau & Deccan Trap
• Aravalli, Meghalaya plateau

Maps to: Plains

• Formation by alluvium
• Bhabar, Terai, Bhangar, Khadar
• Punjab, Ganga, Brahmaputra plains
• Doabs

Maps to: Eastern And Western Ghats

• Western Ghats (Sahyadri) - features, passes, UNESCO status
• Eastern Ghats - features
• Differences between the two

Maps to: Plains

• West coast (Konkan, Kanara, Malabar)
• East coast (Utkal, Circar, Coromandel)
• Lakshadweep & Andaman & Nicobar Islands
• Backwaters

Maps to: Climate of India

• Factors affecting climate
• Monsoon mechanism (SW & NE)
• Seasons
• Rainfall distribution
• Jet streams, El Nino/La Nina
• Local winds (Loo, Mango showers, Kalbaisakhi)

Maps to: Rivers of India

• Indus system (Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej)
• Ganga system (Yamuna, Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi, Son)
• Brahmaputra system

Maps to: Rivers of India

• East-flowing (Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri)
• West-flowing (Narmada, Tapi, Mahi, Sabarmati)
• Himalayan vs Peninsular comparison

Maps to: Rivers of India

• National River Linking Project
• Ken-Betwa and other links
• National Waterways
• Inland Waterways Authority

Maps to: Lake, Waterfall and Dam

• Types of lakes
• Important lakes (Wular, Dal, Chilika, Sambhar, Vembanad, Loktak, Pangong, Pulicat)

Maps to: Lake, Waterfall and Dam

• Major waterfalls (Kunchikal, Jog, Dudhsagar, Athirappilly, Nohkalikai, Shivanasamudra)

Maps to: Lake, Waterfall and Dam

• Major dams (Bhakra Nangal, Hirakud, Tehri, Sardar Sarovar, Nagarjuna Sagar)
• State-wise dams
• Oldest/highest/longest dams

Maps to: Soils in India

• Alluvial, Black (Regur), Red & Yellow, Laterite, Arid/Desert, Mountain, Saline/Alkaline, Peaty
• ICAR classification
• Soil erosion & conservation

Maps to: Agriculture & Irrigation

• Types of farming
• Cropping seasons (Kharif, Rabi, Zaid)
• Major food & cash crops
• Green/White/Blue/Yellow/Golden/Pink revolutions
• MSP & cropping pattern

Maps to: Agriculture & Irrigation

• Sources & methods of irrigation
• Major irrigation projects
• FCI, PDS, TPDS, NFSA 2013
• Food security

Maps to: Mineral & Energy Resources

• Metallic (iron ore, manganese, bauxite, copper, gold, silver)
• Non-metallic (mica, limestone, gypsum)
• Distribution by state
• Mineral belts

Maps to: Mineral & Energy Resources

• Conventional: coal, petroleum, natural gas, lignite
• Atomic minerals & nuclear plants
• Non-conventional: solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas, hydro

Maps to: The Industries & Industrial Sectors

• Classification of industries
• Major industrial regions
• Key industries (iron & steel, cotton textile, jute, sugar, cement, IT, automobile)

Maps to: Transport & Communication

• Roads (NH, Expressways, Golden Quadrilateral, Border Roads)
• Railways (zones, first trains, gauge)
• Water transport (major & minor ports)
• Air transport
• Communication (postal, telecom, satellites)

Maps to: The Universe & Solar System

• Big Bang & origin theories
• Galaxies, stars, constellations
• Solar system, sun, planets
• Moon, eclipses, asteroids, comets, meteors

Maps to: Earth

• Shape & size of Earth
• Rotation & revolution and their effects
• Day & night, seasons, solstices & equinoxes
• Latitudes & longitudes
• Time zones, IST, International Date Line

Maps to: Earth

• Crust, mantle, core
• Seismic discontinuities
• Rock types (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic) & rock cycle

Maps to: Plate Tectonics Theory

• Wegener's continental drift
• Sea-floor spreading
• Plate Tectonics theory
• Types of plate boundaries
• Major plates

Maps to: Earthquake & Volcano

• Earthquake: causes, types, seismic waves, Richter & Mercalli scales, Indian seismic zones
• Volcanoes: types, parts, distribution, major volcanoes

Maps to: Lithosphere

• Endogenic & exogenic processes
• Weathering
• Mass wasting
• Fluvial, glacial, aeolian, karst landforms

Maps to: Hydrosphere

• Distribution of water
• Ocean relief features
• Ocean currents
• Tides & waves
• Salinity & temperature
• Coral reefs

Maps to: Atmosphere

• Composition & structure
• Weather vs climate
• Temperature & pressure belts
• Winds
• Cyclones (tropical & temperate)

Maps to: Ecosystem, Conservation of Natural Resources, Wildlife Conservation, Global Warming And Climate Change

• Ecology concepts
• Biogeochemical cycles
• Resource conservation
• Biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, tiger reserves
• Project Tiger/Elephant/Rhino, Ramsar wetlands
• Greenhouse effect, global warming, ozone depletion
• Kyoto/Paris/COP conferences

Maps to: Miscellaneous

• World mountains, rivers, deserts, grasslands
• Countries - capitals - currencies
• Map-based facts